Huangzhuang Fm

The naming section is located at the Langtougou Gully about1000 m south of Donghuang Village, Qufu County, Shandong, and the reference section is at Xiaochang Village between Dongzhuang and Tuogou about1500 m of the Langtougou section. Named by Sha Yexue and Wang Jingwen in 1985.

This formation may be divided into three members: Lower member is grayish green and grayish white, medium- to thin-bedded grit and muddy gravel-bearing sandy conglomerate. Middle member is grayish green claystone and mudstone with purplish red claystone. Upper member is grayish white and grayish green sandstone, pebbly arkosic sandstone and sandy conglomerate, gray or grayish green siltstone and fine sandstone and grayish green muddy sandstone and sandy mudstone. The total thickness is about 40 m.

The mammal fossils found in the formation were mostly picked by a farmer from the Langtougou Gully, Donghuang Village, Qufu County. Studies of Sha Yexue and Wang Jingwen (1985) and Shi Ronglin (1989) show that there are five orders and about 20 species, such as sarcodons, amblypods, rodents, perissodactyles and artiodactyls, of which the important ones are Eudinoceras sp., Breviodon minutus, Eomoropus quadridentatus and Anthracokeryx sinensis. The first two species are common in the early to middle Eocene Irdin Mahan fauna, while the last two species are only found in the Sharamurunian Stage, e.g. the Yuanqu fauna of Shanxi.